Implement wildcard pattern matching with support for
'?'
and '*'
.'?' Matches any single character.
'*' Matches any sequence of characters (including the empty sequence).
The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).
The function prototype should be:
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p)
Some examples:
isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "*") → true
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("ab", "?*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → false
Understand the problem:
The key of the problem is to understand the '*', which is able to match ANY sequence of characters. e.g. isMatch(abcd, *) -> true. Note that * does not require the same character in the sequence, as was required by the regular expression matching.
We use DP to solve this problem.
-- Define dp[s.length() + 1][p.length() + 1], where dp[i[j] means the first i characters in string s matches the first characters of string p.
-- Initialization: dp[0][0] = true;
dp[i][0] = false;
dp[0][j] = dp [0][j - 1] IFF p.charAt(j - 1) == '*'
-- Transit function:
-- If p.charAt(j - 1) != '*', then dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] IFF s.charAt(i) == p.charAt(j) || p.charAt(j) == '?'
-- If p.charAt(j - 1) == '*', then
-- dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] || // Match 1 character
= dp[i][j - 1] || // Match 0 character
= dp[i - 1][j] // Match any sequence of characters
-- Return dp[s.length()][p.length()].
Code (Java)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | public class Solution { public boolean isMatch(String s, String p) { if (p == null || p.length() == 0 ) { return s == null || s.length() == 0 ; } int rows = s.length(); int cols = p.length(); boolean [][] dp = new boolean [rows + 1 ][cols + 1 ]; dp[ 0 ][ 0 ] = true ; for ( int j = 1 ; j <= cols; j++) { if (p.charAt(j - 1 ) == '*' ) { dp[ 0 ][j] = dp[ 0 ][j - 1 ]; } } for ( int i = 1 ; i <= rows; i++) { for ( int j = 1 ; j <= cols; j++) { if (p.charAt(j - 1 ) != '*' ) { if (s.charAt(i - 1 ) == p.charAt(j - 1 ) || p.charAt(j - 1 ) == '?' ) { dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1 ][j - 1 ]; } } else { dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1 ][j - 1 ] || dp[i][j - 1 ] || dp[i - 1 ][j]; } } } return dp[s.length()][p.length()]; } } |
why is dp[0][j] = dp [0][j - 1] IFF p.charAt(j - 1) == '*'?
ReplyDeletewhy is dp[0][j] = dp [0][j - 1] IFF p.charAt(j - 1) == '*'?
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